The United States is the largest importer of bananas in the world with an estimated 3.91 million tons in 2002. About 10 percent of these are re-exported to Canada, and the rest are consumed here. The bananas we eat originate almost entirely from Latin American countries, with Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Columbia, and Honduras as the leading exporters, where there are many social and environmental issues surrounding the cultivation of bananas. In the 1980s and 1990s, the creation of banana plantations resulted in deforestation. Although deforestation is no longer a major concern, most farms rely on frequent and intense used of agrochemicals to maintain crop fertility and limit losses caused by pests. In addition to the negative impacts on the environment, pesticides may also have adverse effects on the health of plantation workers and neighboring communities. Pollution from improper disposal of wastes such as pesticide-impregnated plastic bags or rejected fruit has also historically been a problem. These production practices have led to pollution of land, water supplies, and a reduction in biological diversity in these countries. There are also instances of banana plantations not following the conventions of the International Labor Organization or national labor laws. This led to abuses such as child labor, excessive working hours, discrimination, sexual harassment, and disrespect of health and safety regulations.

When Natalie visited “Ghetto” Kroger, we found Chiquita Bananas from Guatemala and organic Chiquita Bananas from Columbia

From: The World Banana Economy 1985-2002. prepared by Pedro Arias, Cora Dankers, Pascal Liu, and Paul Pilkauskas. From the Food & Agriculture Organization on the United Nations, Rome, 2003.

http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5102e/y5102e00.HTM

Chocolate

Americans spend $13 billion a year on chocolate, making us important players in world cocoa trade. 43% of the cocoa beans used to make the world’s chocolate comes for a small West African nation, Cote d’Ivoire. However in this developing nation, many cocoa farms use children who have been sold into slave labor to harvest their beans. Many US chocolate manufactures such as Hershey’s, M&M Mars, and Nestle have signed the “Harkin-Engel” protocol (2001) which commits the chocolate industry to work with NFOs to monitor and remedy abusive forms of child labor in the growing and processing of cocoa beans however, it does not address the fundamental causes of child slavery, such as the pricing system. According to the Cote d’Ivoire Prime Minister, chocolate manufacturers would have to pay about 10 times as much for cocoa as they currently do if they want to end the use of forced labor in cocoa production. Because of these circumstances, there is no way to ensure that abusive child labor on cocoa farms will come to an end, or to determine who farmed the cocoa beans used to make your chocolate bar.

From: Chocolate and Slavery: Child Labor in Cote d’Ivoire. January 2001. http://american.edu/TED/chocolate-slave.htm

Chocolate and Slavery http://www.chocolatework.com/chocolate-slavery.htm

Recycling

Sources Used:

Has the locations of where part time and full time recycling drop off bins are located http://www.delawarehealth.org/litter.htm

This is a pdf flier that had a lot of information that I added to an excel spreadsheet and saved as a DBF4 file to import into ARC GIS.  It has addresses of recycling locations and what materials they accept. http://www.delawarehealth.org/Environmental/PDF/W2RECYCLE108.pdf

This site has the address for the ABITIBI recycling bins in Delaware County http://www.delawarehealth.org/Paper_Recycle.htm

]]> http://lmwoods.wordpress.com/2008/04/28/delaware-as-a-global-locality/feed/ 0 laurenwoods http://lmwoods.wordpress.com/2008/04/21/recycling/ http://lmwoods.wordpress.com/2008/04/21/recycling/#comments Mon, 21 Apr 2008 18:51:21 +0000 laurenwoods http://lmwoods.wordpress.com/?p=35 ]]> Delaware Recycling Locations

-Points on map are classified as being one of the following locations, Delaware County Transfer Station, Delaware General Health District drop off bin, ABITIBI paper drop off, Price-Farms Organics, Price Marketing Management, or Sims Recycling.

-This map was created using data that I obtained from the Delaware General Health District Website that I put into an excel spreadsheet and imported into ArcGIS as a DBF4 file.  I used an address located in order to place the addresses on the map.  I also have data on what materials can be recycled at each location, and whether the location is part time or full time which could be used for future maps.  All of this data is located in an excel sheet entitled Recyling.xls which is located on the GISML17 computer  C drive > GEOG355 > Woods > FInal.

Here’s more information about ABITIBI recycling and how it’s used as a fund raiser

Lauren Woods & Natalie Janney

Delaware as a Global Locality

The Delaware data does not contain information about Delaware County’s sources of energy or whether or not garbage is exported. In order to create maps looking at these factors, we need to dig up the appropriate information. In regards to garbage export, the city of Delaware may have information, as well as the Delaware County health district.

Much, or all of Delaware County’s power is provided by AEP. AEP provides power to much, but not all of ohio as well as many other states. The headquarters of AEP Ohio is located in Gahanna, but I was unable to find an address on the companies website.  Through some detective work, Natalie and I were able to determine that AEP corporate headquarters is located in Columbus.

Another map that we would like to make looking at Delaware as a global locality is with problematic food sources. Possible items that we will use for 5 common grocery items with problematic sources are apples and grapes (pesticide use), bananas (social & environmental), chocolate & coffee (social & environmental), and maybe some organic brands of food (social reasons). Right now we are having a difficult time envisioning how we will visually represent these environmental justice issues. It may be most useful for us to collect and compile the data and then get help with the creation of the maps.

Bananas- The food and agriculture organization of the united nations (FAO) has an excelent document about the world banana economy from 1985-2002. Two sections look particularly helpful entitled social and environmental issues and banana importing countries and trade policies. This document is particularly helpful for this project because it is from a reputable source.

Chocolate- This popular food item has been linked to slavery in Cote d’Ivoire. Here’s more information about slavery and the world chocolate trade.

Coffee – There is a lot of information about coffee production and the ideas of sustainability and fair trade…I just need to pick what about these two concepts is important

Some potential maps:

map: source of energy (plants elsewhere pollute, benefits Delaware Co)
map: local energy sources (solar, wind)
map: garbage export?
map: source of food: 5 common grocery items w/problematic sources (global)

Recycling

We have addresses of all of the full-time and part-time recycling drop offs in Delaware County. We also have information about where different types of products can be recycled. In thinking ahead to creating this map, we think it may be applicable for us to use the Delaware address finder we created for our midterm.

We are unsure of where to find the top sources of recyclable waste. However, DKMM Solid waste district may have this information.

Natalie has links to some useful sites

Potential recycling maps:

map: recycling options and locations
map: top sources of recyclable waste (SWACO)

Annexations – this layer has Delaware Co. annexations and boundaries from 1853 to today

Census Blocks – census blocks within Delaware Co. Finest resolution

Census Block Group – census block groups within Delaware Co. Medium resolution

Census Tracts – census tracts within Delaware Co. Largest resolution

Delaware Address Pts (Master) – points indicating all of the building structures in Delaware Co.

Delaware_Buildings_1 – These buildings include township halls, fire departments, EMS stations, and Grady Memorial Hospital

Delaware_Buildings_2 – These buildings include police departments, highway patrol posts, jails, libraries, and rest areas

Delaware_Cemeteries -cemeteries located within the county

Delaware_Farmlots – all of the farmlots in both the US Military and the Virginia Military Survey districts of Delaware Co.

Delaware_Golfcourse (gc_mb) – points where all of the golf courses in Delaware Co. are located

Delaware_Municipalities – all of the municipalities (cities, towns & villages) within Delaware Co.

Delaware_Parcel – all of the parcels within Delaware Co.

Delaware_Parks – has two shape files, one has points for parks within the county, and the other has polygon shapes for the parks. City and State parks are included as well as the Columbus Zoo. The polygon layer may be more helpful to use in some aspects of our analysis because some of the parks are quite large, and their area is not adequately depicted by a point.

Delaware_Postoffice (usps_base) – points for all of the post offices in Delaware County

Delaware_Roads – cline.shp has a line down the middle of each road in the county…there is also another file in a similar folder that has the area for right of ways.

Delaware_Schools (school_base) – points for all schools in Delaware County…schools can be classified by type: elementary, middle, high, college, JVS, or private.

Delaware_Subdivisions – polygons for all subdivisions and condos in delaware county. It might be interesting to look at the average income levels for different subdivisions, and what sort of industry or parks they are located near.

Floodplains – several files within this folder including f100.shp which depicts the 100 year floodplain, f500.shp which depicts the 500 year flood plain, usgsgrid.shp which shows the USGS grids found within Delaware Co. , and femagrid.shp which shows how fema divides up the county. It might be interesting to try to figure out how fema divides the county up…by population, risk of flood, or if socio-economic factors play a role.

Historical Archaeological (arc_c) – a text file within the folder states “There is no real data associated with these historical/archeological sites. There is no way to identify what each site represents. They’re just points on a map.”

Historical Delaware (historic_c) – The same statement applies to these points. There is no data associated with these points

Historical National (nr_c) – Same statement applies

Hydrodetail – Locations of waterways and ponds in Delaware co. In order to make this file work correctly, you need to open the entire folder, fphydro.shp. If you double click the folder and only open one part, it will look funny.

Master_Pt – has detailed information about all of the building structures in delaware county. I am unsure, however, in how this master.shp file differs from the one located in the Delaware_Address_Pts folder. This file does appear to have slightly more detailed information.

Natural Heritage ODNR – nature_c.shp it contains points of nature places?? I couldn’t find information about what the points actually designate

OrthophotoAp2006 – There are two main files in this folder: Delaware_2006_Half-ft_North.sdw and Delaware_2006_Half-ft_South.sdw They are high detailed areal images of Delaware County
Precincts- pre_con_boe.shp Outlines voting precincts in Delaware county…also has information about the number of registered voters in each precinct and their political affiliation.

Public Land Survey System – Consists of polygons depicting the boundaries of the two public land survey districts, the U.S. Military and the Virginia Military Survey District, within Delaware County

Railroads – This file shows the location and length of the railroad lines in Delaware County.

Schools – school.shp Polygons depicting the different school districts within Delaware Co.

Soil – description of soil throughout the county

Topography – different files for each township. Each file has fairly detailed elevation data for the township.

Townships_historical – origtwp18.shp polygons of the original 18 townships of Delaware County before tax district changes effected their shape

Traffic MORPSE – trafficzone.shp an accompanying text file describes this data in the following manner: “This data contains a great deal of information, but we have no way to identify what it is or what it means. We need a key to understand what’s there. ” I agree with this description.

Wetlands – locations of wetlands in the county and descriptions of the trees surrounding them.

Woodland ODNR – woodqc.shp wooded areas in Delaware county…I am unsure of what wooded areas are classified in this file, if there is a certain size restriction, or if it depends on who owns the land…Data is extremely out of date

ZIP 2004 – zip codes within Delaware county.

Zoning – there are two files within this folder zoning0200.shp and historicdistr.shp However, I don’t know what years the zoning information is from for both of these files.